120-139 or 80-89

140-159 or 90-99

>160 or >100

Lifestyle Modifications

(mengubah gaya hidup, nek kowe do rangerti bahasane)

Thiazide-type diuretics yang utama. boleh dipertimbangkan ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB, or combination.

dua obat kombinasi dari yang palign sering digunakan biasanya  thiazidetype diuretic and ACEI, or ARB, or BB, or CCB).

• Sleep apnea

• Cushing’s syndrome

• Drug induced/related

• Steroid therapy

• Chronic kidney disease

• Pheochromocytoma

• Primary aldosteronism

• Coarctation of aorta

• Renovascular disease

• Thyroid/parathyroid disease

• Hypertension

• Physical inactivity

• Obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m2)

• Age (>55 for men, >65 for women)

• Dyslipidemia

• Diabetes mellitus

• Microalbuminuria, est GFR <60 mL/min

• FH of early CVD (men age <55, women age <65)

• Cigarette smoking

• Physical inactivity

Weight reduction

Maintain normal body weight (body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m2).

5–20 mmHg/10 kg

DASH eating plan

Adopt a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and lowfat dairy products with reduced content of saturated and total fat.

intinya nek kowe duwe penyakit iki, kudu diet Magnesium, Kalsium, dan kalium. Nah…iki kadar tingginya ada di buah – buahan. Trus dihindari konsumsi Na berlebih koyo nang makanan kaleng, makanan instan berpengawet ada Na benzoat, dan MSG.

8–14 mmHg

Dietary sodium reduction

Reduce dietary sodium intake to <100 mmol per day (2.4 g sodium or 6 g sodium chloride).

2–8 mmHg

Aerobic physical activity

Regular aerobic physical activity (e.g., brisk walking) at least 30 minutes per day, most days of the week.

4–9 mmHg

Moderation of alcohol consumption

Men: limit to <2 drinks per day. Women and lighter weight persons: limit to <1 drink per day.

2–4 mmHg

THIAZ

gout, HypoNa, hypoK

BB

Asthma, heart block, cocaine use, bradycardia

ACEI

Pregnancy, angioedema, cough

CCB

Edema, flushing

ARB

Pregnancy, angioedema